Development and validation of a nomogram including lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio for initial prostate biopsy: a double-center retrospective study / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Here, we developed a prostate cancer (PCa) risk nomogram including lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) for initial prostate biopsy, and internal and external validation were further conducted. A prediction model was developed on a training set. Significant risk factors with P < 0.10 in multivariate logistic regression models were used to generate a nomogram. Discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness of the model were assessed using C-index, calibration plot, and decision curve analysis (DCA). The nomogram was re-examined with the internal and external validation set. A nomogram predicting PCa risk in patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) 4-10 ng ml

Rapid Enrichment and Activity Research of Antithrombotic Proteins from Pheretima vulgaris / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:A strong antithrombotic protein component， named PvQ， was purified and enriched from total protein of <italic>Pheretima vulgaris</italic>，<italic> </italic>a<italic> </italic>traditional Chinese medicine. Moreover， we evaluated its fibrinolytic and anticoagulant activity， and expected to provide reference for the research on antithrombotic substances of Pheretima. Method:A rapid <italic>in</italic> <italic>vitro</italic> activity-oriented separation combined with the AKTA-Pure protein purification system conducted on <italic>P. vulgaris</italic>. Meanwhile， the fibrinolytic and anticoagulant activities of PvQ were measured by fibrin plate method and fibrinogen-thrombin time （Fibg-TT） method. And the <italic>in vitro</italic> thrombolysis assay was used for evaluating the lysis ability of PvQ to thrombus. Then the stability of PvQ was also analyzed for its anticoagulant activity at different pH and temperature. Result:The PvQ was successfully enriched and its activity was determined to have significant fibrinolytic and anticoagulant activities. And the result of <italic>in vitro</italic> thrombolysis assay revealed that PvQ could hydrolyze more than 80% of thrombus after 5 h of incubation at 37 ℃. In addition， the changes of temperature and pH had significant effects on antithrombotic activity， and this study showed that PvQ was rapidly inactivated at ≥60 ℃ or in acidic conditions （pH<7）. While， the activity of PvQ was unaffected or less affected at ≤50 ℃ and under alkaline conditions. Conclusion:A feasible preparation method of PvQ is established， and it can affect fibrin and fibrinogen at the same time， thus exerting a dual fibrinolytic effect and possessing significant fibrinolytic and anticoagulant activities. It provides a scientific interpretation for the treatment of thrombotic diseases by PvQ and a reference for the development of antithrombotic protein products of Pheretima.

Research progress of small-molecule drugs targeting JAK in autoimmune diseases / 药学学报

Autoimmune disease refers to a series of diseases caused by the body's immune response to autoantigens leading to autologous tissue damage. The examples include rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and psoriasis, etc. Janus kinases (JAKs) are a class of non-receptor tyrosine kinases that are essential signaling mediators in the signal transduction and expression of the inflammatory cytokines, which are closely related to the occurrence and development of the autoimmune diseases. Studies have shown that the inhibitors targeting JAK can exert anti-inflammatory and immuno-modulatory pharmacological activities by modulation of the cell signaling pathways related to the inflammatory cytokines. In this paper, the literature about small-molecule drugs targeting JAK on autoimmune diseases in recent years are summarized to provide valuable information for the research and development of drugs.

Progress in the mechanism study on colitis associated cancer / 基础医学与临床

The ulcerative colitis is closely related to colitis associated cancer.The main mechanisms related to the occurrence,development and malignant transformation of CAC includes NF-κB pathway,signal transducers and ac-tivator of transcription(STAT) and related protein pathways,intestinal microflora imbalance,the immune microen-vironment,Toll-like receptor (TLR)-related pathway and so on.

Research on the status and implication of the health cooperation between China and countries along " Belt and Road" / 中国卫生政策研究

Objective:To summarize and analyze the status of health cooperation achievement strategies between China and the countries along the "Belt and Road",determine the implications thereof, and provide reference for future practical cooperation between the China and those countries in the field of health. Methods : The relevant literature was retrieved from the research database from articles published in both Chinese and English during the period from 2013 to 2017, and the literature research method was used to summarize the status quo of health cooperation. Results : According to the exclusion criteria, 116 articles were selected. The analysis showed that the main research focus falls in the following seven aspects for both domestic and foreign scholars : The dissemination of Chinese medicine culture promotes international cooperation in Chinese medicine; the prevention and control of infectious diseases needs to further strengthen the construction of international mechanisms; the health services and systems requiremutual learning from international experience; health industry has broad prospects for development; health emergency cooperation encounters the problem of inadequate coordination mechanisms and language barriers; the research on health development assistance goes deep; and health professionals training focuses on training mode. Conclusions: The existing research topics were of great coverage in range and had the highest attention to Chinese medicine,yet least considered talent cultivation. The research showed that cooperation in various health departments emphasized on international experience and the joint participation of the government and civil society. However, the research on laws and regulations, international conventions and practices, and different families' cooperation requirements related with health cooperation mechanisms need to be further strengthened.

Analysis on health cooperation intentions, demands, advantages and disadvantages among "Belt and Road" countries / 中国卫生政策研究

Objective: To understand the health cooperation intentions, demands, advantages and obstacles that are being experienced by countries along the Belt and Road,and to provide reference for China to deepen health cooperation with those countries in regard. Methods : A seminar was held at the High Level Symposium to find out about the health cooperation status among the "Belt and Road" countries, whereby the theme was: "Belt and Road for Health Cooperation towards a Health Silk Road". Therefore, a survey was conducted among 217 Chinese and foreign guests who were invited to attend the seminar. 209 questionnaires were valid and the effective rate was 96. 3％ after the questionnaire analysis carried out using SPSS22. 0. Results : Research results showed that among the respondents, 91. 7％ of the surveyed foreign partners are willing to cooperate in health, while only 73. 2％ of the Chinese respondents desired the cooperation. The demands for health cooperation between both countries was mainly about health industry,medical and health services, and infectious disease prevention and control. Both China and foreign countries confirmed that cooperation convenience and long-term partnership were the advantages of health cooperation among Belt and Road countries, while differences were highlighted in preferential policies. The biggest challenge was found to be the cultural differences. Among other disadvantages are the lack of communication platforms, the pressure of laws and regulations, unstable policies, etc. Conclusions : The willingness and broad space to cooperate in health are strong and large forboth China and foreign countries,and they are intending to put much of emphasis on health institutions,medical and health services and prevention and control of infectious diseases in the future. It is hence suggested that health cooperation should make good use of existing advantages of partnership and convenience,and overcome found obstacles in orderto deepen cooperation in the health industry.

Image characteristics of DVA in different routine imaging sequence of MR and the diagnostic value of these different sequence / 中国医学装备

Objective: To explore the image characteristics of developmental venous anomaly (DVA) in different routine imaging sequence of magnetic resonance (MR) and the diagnostic value of these different sequence. Methods:The imaging data of 54 patients with DVA which were confirmed by using MR enhanced scan that was the contrasted standard were selected. The imaging features obtained from the T1WI, T2WI and FLAIR sequences were researched by using retrospective analysis, and the specificity and accuracy of diagnosis of each imaging sequence were calculated. Results: In the 54 patients, the accuracy of T1WI was 75.9% (41/54), and accuracy of T2WI was 68.5% (37/54), and that of FLAIR T2was 92.6% (50/54). The performance of MRI was that many of medullary vein drained into the central venous, and the shorter draining vein showed typical phenomenon of "jellyfish head"and many medullary vein of the longer draining vein showed the phenomenon of "centipede". The abnormal blood vessel on the T1WI showed strip low signal intensity, and many abnormal blood vessel on T2WI showed strip high signal intensity and minority of them showed strip low signal intensity. The larger central vein and peripherally scattered small medullary veins could be found on the sequence scan of T2FLAIR, and many of abnormal blood vessels showed strip high signal and a small part of abnormal blood vessels showed equisignal and low signal. Besides, the specificity of the diagnosis of sequence of T2FLAIR was 100% without false positive. And the accuracy of T2FLAIR was 92.6% that was higher than 75.9% of T1WI and 68.5% of T2WI. Conclusion: The sequence technique of T2FLAIR has higher accuracy for the detection of DVA and it can clearly display most abnormal blood vessel. Therefore, it has important reference value for diagnosing DVA of brain.

Chemical constituents of the roots of Macleaya microcarpa and activation efficacy of benzophenanthridine alkaloids for the transcription of xbp1 gene / 药学学报

Ongoing study on the chemical constituents of the roots of Macleaya microcarpa led to the isolation of eight compounds of derivatives of triterpenes and organic acids in addition to some previously identified benzophenanthridines. The eight compounds were identified by spectroscopic methods as well as comparison with literature values as 1-oxo-2, 22 (30)-hopandien-29-oic acid (1), 3-oxo-12-oleanen-30-oic acid (2), 3α-hydroxy-12-oleanen-30-oic acid (3), 3β-hydroxy-12-oleanen-30-oic acid (4), ferulic acid (5), ferulic acid 4-O-β-D-glucoside (6), 3-O-feruloylquinic acid (7), and methyl 3-O-feruloylquinate (8). Of which, 1 is a new triterpenoid of hopanes and 2-8 are isolated from M microcarpa for the first time. In order to discover natural active compounds as potential agents of anti-ulcerative colitis (UC), an in vitro drug high-throughput screening model targeted x-box-binding protein 1 (xbp1) was employed to evaluate the activity of the major chemical constituents of M microcarpa. The result confirmed that two dihydrobenzophenanthridines, dihydrosanguinarine (9) and dihydrochelerythrine (10), showed a certain activity on activating the transcription of xbpl, a transcription factor (TF) associated with the occurrence, development, and potential treatment of UC, with their relative activating ratios being 1.76 and 1.77 times, respectively, as compared with control group.

Constituents with anti-oxidative activity from seeds of Jufeng grape / 中国中药杂志

Taking application of some isolation and purification technologies, including crushing, solvent extraction, preliminary solvent isolation, column chromatographies over silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 gel and preparative HPLC, 8 compounds were obtained from the seeds of Jufeng grape sourced from market. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods and comparison with literature values as Catechin (1), Epicatechin (2), quercetin (3), ethylgallate (4), rel-(2S, 3R) -2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) -3- (hydroxymethyl)-5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol (5), rel-(2α, 3β)-7-O-methylcedrusin (6), rel-(1R,2S)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) -2-(4-(3-hydroxypropyl) -2-methoxyphenoxy) propane-1,3-diol (7), and (+) -isolariciresinol (8), respectively. Compounds 5-8 were serial lignans isolated from the seeds of grape for the first time. Structurally, 5 and 6 belong in benzofuran-8,3'-neolignans, 7 in 8,4'-oxyneolignan, and 8 in 8,8' :2,7'-cyclolignan. According to in vitro activity evaluation conducted in cell model, compound 6 showed significant anti-oxidative ability, with the activity of RAW264. 7 cell superoxide dismutase being raised evidently in the test as compared with the positive anti-oxidative agents, compounds 1 and 2.

Profiles of innate immune receptors and cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in children with measles / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this study was to explore the roles and clinical significance of innate immune receptors and cytokine in children with measles.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The children with measles hospitalized in the department of infectious diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University during 2009-2011 were enrolled into measles group, while the healthy children examined in well baby clinic were enrolled into control group. The mRNA expression of TLR2/3/4/7, melanoma differentiation-associated gene-5 (MDA-5), retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), IFN-α/β and IL-10 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were detected by real-time PCR. The protein levels of IFN-α, IFN-β and IL-10 in plasma were measured using ELISA. SPSS 13.0 software was applied to analyze the difference between two groups.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Data from a total of 98 patients in measles group and 59 children in control group were collected. The mRNA expressions of TLR2, MDA-5 and RIG-I had no statistical significance between two groups (P > 0.05, respectively). The relative mRNA expressions of TLR3, TLR4, TLR7 in measles group (2.25 ± 0.74, 2.05 ± 0.72, 2.12 ± 0.29) were significantly lower than those in control group (2.09 ± 0.78, 1.90 ± 0.75, 1.87 ± 0.68) (P < 0.01; respectively). Both IFN-α and IFN-β had significantly decreased mRNA expressions in measles patients (2.41 ± 1.31, 2.47 ± 1.26) compared with those in controls (2.22 ± 0.48, 2.35 ± 0.64)(P < 0.01 respectively); however, IL-10 mRNA levels significantly increased (2.49 ± 0.58 vs. 2.62 ± 0.95) (P < 0.001). The IL-10 levels in plasma in measles group were significantly higher during the whole period of fever [<5 d group: 29.89 (25.82-38.15) ng/L and ≥ 5 d group:34.55 (28.26-38.70) ng/L] than that in control group [25.15 (24.20-27.38) ng/L] (P < 0.05 respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TLR3/4/7 mRNA expression was low in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of measles patients. Levels of IL-10 were significantly raised in the early stage after infection and lasted for a long time, and reduced IFN-α levels in plasma were associated with the fever durations of measles patients. These results indicated that multiple TLRs and cytokines may participate in the immune response after measles virus infection.</p>

Changes of urodynamics and P2X1 receptor expression in bladder detrusor of rats with neurogenic bladder induced by spinal cord injury after the spinal shock stage / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To build the rat animal model of neurogenic bladder induced by spinal cord injury and investigate the changes of urodynamics and P2X1 receptor expression in bladder detrusor after the spinal shock stage.Methods A total of 40 female Wistar rats were randomly allocated into control group,suprasacral injury group and sacral injury group.Complete spinal cord transection was established by cutting out of dura at T10-L2 in suprasacral injury group.The sacral injury group was done by cutting out of dura at S2-4.Urodynamic monitor was performed on rats after the spinal shock stage(6 weeks after operation).The P2X1 receptor expression in bladder detrusor among the 3 groups was checked by using immunohistochemical method.Results The suprasacral injury group exhibited detrusor hyperreflexia during bladder filling,elevated leak point pressure and compliance.The sacral injury group exhibited detrusor lower reflection,reduced leak point pressure and elevated compliance.The level of P2X1 receptor expression in rats' detrusor of suprasacral injury group was increased,and the level of sacral injury group was reduced.Conclusions Neurogenic bladder induced by spinal cord injury reveals significant changes in urodynamic after the spinal shock stage.The enhancement of the P2X1 receptor expression in detrusor may be one of the mechanisms of detrusor hyperreflexia.

Advance in studies on pharmacological activity of coptisine hydrochloride / 中国中药杂志

Coptisine hydrochloride, as a natural protoberberine alkaloid quaternary ammonium salt, can be found in many species of Ranunculaceae and Papaveraceae plants. Despite no in-depth studies on coptisine hydrochloride, some literatures have reported that coptisine hydrochloride has such pharmacological activities as inhibition of monoamine oxidase of type A, selective inhibition and double inhibition against vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, inhibition of differentiation and function of osteoclasts, selective regulation of multidrug-resistant and drug-resistant proteins in vascular smooth muscle cells, anti-fungus, protection of gastric-mucous membrane, cytotoxicity, and myocardial protection. Given to the fact of the lack of systematic review and summary of studies on coptisine hydrochloride, we summarize and analyze the study literatures on the pharmacological activity of coptisine hydrochloride published in recent years, so as to provide information for studies on new drugs of coptisine hydrochloride on the basis of the pharmacological activity.

Study on content of nickel in saliva released from the nickel-chromium and the nickel-chromium-titanium porcelain alloy / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The purpose of the study was to investigate the content of nickel (Ni) ion in patients' saliva after wearing the porcelain-fused-to nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) crown or the porcelain-fused-to nickel-chromium-titanium(Ni-Cr-Ti) crown.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>50 patients who had one molar or premolar needed repairing were selected and divided into two groups randomly. Patients in one group were fabricated with porcelain-fused-to Ni-Cr crown and the patients in the other group were fabricated with porcelain-fused-to Ni-Cr-Ti crown. Collect the patients' saliva before wearing, 1 week, 3 months, and 6 months after wearing. The content of Ni ion in saliva was detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The content of Ni ion in both groups increased at the first week, and go back after 6 months. There were no significant differences before wearing, 1 week, 3 months, and 6 months after wearing. There were no significant differences between the two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Wearing the porcelain-fused-to Ni-Cr crown or the porcelain-fused-to Ni-Cr-Ti crown has no significant influence on the content of Ni ion in saliva.</p>

Effect of ginkgolide B on the production of NO, IL-6 and RANTES from astrocytes / 药学学报

This study is to explore the effect of ginkgolide B (BN52021) on the production of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6 and regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) from astrocytes induced by stimulators. Primary cultured rat astrocytes were stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS), the production of NO was assayed using Griess reaction; U251 cells were stimulated with IL-1 beta, the contents of IL-6 and RANTES in the supernatant were measured using ELISA. The mRNA expressions of IL-6 and RANTES were detected using RT-PCR. LPS (10 ng mL(-1) to 10 microg mL(-1)) could stimulate rat astrocytes to produce NO in a dose-dependent manner. Ginkgolide B at the concentrations of 0.1-10 micromol L(-1) were shown to decrease NO production significantly. IL-1 beta could induce the mRNA expression and protein secretion of IL-6 from U251 cells, as well as RANTES. Ginkgolide B at concentrations of 0.1-10 micromol L(-1) were shown to inhibit RANTES secretion, and to inhibit mRNA expression of IL-6 and RANTES at concentration of 10 micromol L(-1). Ginkgolide B has inhibitory effect on the production of NO, IL-6 and RANTES from astrocytes treated with inflammatory stimulators.

Effects of extracts of cheezheng pain relieving plaster on nitric oxide and iNOS expression in macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharides / 药学学报

This study is to explore the effects of extracts of Cheezheng pain relieving plaster (ECPRP) on nitric oxide (NO) production and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in macrophages induced by LPS and the mechanism involved. Nitric oxide level was measured with Griess reagent assay. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein and NF-kappaBp65 fragment were detected with Western blotting. ECPRP (62.5 and 125 mgL(-1)) significantly inhibited the increase of nitric oxide level. Furthermore, ECPRP (62.5 and 125 mg x L(-1)) notably reduced the expression of iNOS mRNA and protein. ECPRP (62.5 and 125 mg x L(-1)) elevated the content of I-kappaB protein in cytoplasm, while decreased the content of NF-kappaBp65 protein in nucleus. These results suggest that ECPRP reduce nitric oxide level via down-regulation of NF-kappaB-iNOS-nitric oxide pathway, resulting in prevention of inflammation.

Synthesis and antiinflammation activity of aromatic aminoketone compounds, a new type of PAF-receptor antagonist / 药学学报

A series of aromatic aminoketones were synthesized by Mannich reaction. Structures of these compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR, MS and HRMS or element analysis. Pharmacological screening showed that most target compounds inhibited the release of beta-glucuronidase in polymorphonuclear leucocytes by PAF (platelet activating factor) and compounds MA12, MA13, MA18, MA21 and MA33 were more active. The study suggests that target compounds are potential PAF receptor antagonists and their anti-inflammatory activities are due to the inhibition of release of lysosomal enzyme.

The dual-pathway model of auditory signal processing / 神经科学通报·英文版

Similar to the visual dual-pathway model, neurophysiological studies in non-human primates have suggested that the dual-pathway model is also applicable for explaining auditory cortical processing, including the ventral "what" pathway for object identification and the dorsal "where" pathway for spatial localization. This review summarizes evidence from human neuroimaging studies supporting the dual-pathway model for auditory cortical processing in humans.

Effects of methopterin on osteoclasts and study of its mechanism of action / 药学学报

This study is to observe the effects of methopterin on the activation and bone resorption function of murine osteoclasts, which were obtained by induction from bone marrow cell and purified to the purity of 70%-80%. The mechanism underlying the inhibitory effects of methopterin on inflammatory bone destruction was explored. MTT method was used to determine the effect of methopterin on the proliferation of osteoclasts. Flow cytometric analysis was used to determine the effect of methopterin on the apoptosis of osteocalsts. TRAP stain, bone resorption lacuna stain and measurement of lacuna area were executed to determine the effects of methopterin on the activation and function of osteoclasts. ELISA method was used to determine the effect of methopterin on the MMP-9 secretion from osteoclasts. RT-PCR method was used to determine the effect of methopterin on the mRNA expression of RANK and MMP-9 in osteoclasts. The results showed that methopterin (0.1-10 micromol x L(-1)) inhibited the proliferation of osteoclasts, methopterin (0.1-10 micromol x L(-1)) could inhibit the activation and bone resorption function of osteoclasts and induced the apoptosis of osteoclasts. Methopterin (0.01-10 micromol x L(-1)) also decreased the mRNA expression of RANK, but only at 1-10 micromol x L(-1) decreased the mRNA expression of MMP-9. These results indicated that there were intense relation between the inhibitory effects on the activation and function of osteoclasts and the inhibition of inflammatory bone destruction by methopterin.

Effects of triptolide on prostate carcinoma in mouse RM-1 cells / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of Triptolide (TL) on the growth of prostate carcinoma cell line, and analyze its function and mechanism in anti-prostate cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>MTT experiments were performed to examine the inhibiting effect of TL on the proliferation of RM-1 cells, cell morphological changes observed by acridine staining, cellular cycles and apoptosis peak analyzed by flow cytometry, the apoptosis fracture zone investigated with DNA electrophoresis, and the expressions of caspase-3 and bcl-2 mRNA in RM-1 cells examined by RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results of MTT experiments showed that after the treatment of TL (5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 ng/ml), the RM-1 cell proliferation inhibition rates were 9.8%, 25.1%, 39.2%, 48.8% and 53.2% respectively; 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours after the treatment of TL (10 and 20 ng/ml), the cell proliferation inhibition rates were 8.4%, 25.1%, 36.1%, 42.4% and 10.2%, 39.2%, 50.2% and 58.5% respectively. Acridine staining after the TL treatment revealed nucleus condensation, cell membrane invagination, irregular orange particles in the cells and apoptosis morphological changes; flow cytometry tests showed that 48 hours after the TL treatment (10, 20 ng/ml) of RM-1 cells, an obvious apoptosis peak appeared before the G1 stage; 24, 36 and 48 hours after it, DNA "trapezoid" strips could be seen; the caspase-3 mRNA expression in the TL treated cells was higher, and the bcl-2 mRNA expression was lower than in the controls.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TL can decrease bcl-2 expression, increase caspase-3 expression, induce apoptosis of prostate carcinoma cells, and consequently inhibit the proliferation of RM-1 cells in mice.</p>

Effect of ginkgolide B on the platelet-activating factor induced changes of chemotaxis and cytoskeleton of macrophages / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To study the inhibitory effect of ginkgolide B (BN52021) on the PAF induced changes of chemotaxis of murine peritoneal macrophages and the related polymerization of F-actin.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Chemotaxis assays were performed using a modified 48-well Boyden chamber. Actin polymerization of murine peritoneal macrophages was analyzed by flow cytometry using a specific fluorescent stain.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Peritoneal macrophages significantly migrated toward platelet-activating factor (PAF) through a micropore filter; however, in the presence of PAF receptor antagonist BN52021 (0.01 nmol x L(-1) -0.1 micromol x L(-1)), the migration was significantly inhibited. Moreover, BN52021 inhibited the actin polymerization of murine peritoneal macrophages induced by PAF in the presence of Ca2+, but not in Ca2+ -free medium.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results suggested that preventing polymerization of F-actin may be a pathway by BN52021 to inhibit the chemotaxis of macrophages, and this effect seems to be Ca2+ dependent. The data further indicated that inhibition of PAF induced macrophage chemotaxis is an important mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory action of BN52021.</p>